The Umbilical Cord Blood  And Cord Blood Banking

Introduction:

We know about  The Umbilical Cord Blood  And Cord Blood Banking, Donating Cord Blood.The period from conceive to the birth of a child is called pregnancy. During this time, various changes are seen in the female body. After 9 months and 10 days, the fetus is nurtured. The placenta plays an important role during this time. The human placenta is flat and disc-like. The placenta is a communicate between mother blood tissue & child blood tissue. The main meaning of placenta is flat cake, CORD BLOOD

Placenta:

According to Mossman (1937) - the formation of the fetal epidermis and the mucous membrane of the uterus for physiological exchange between the blood circulatory system of the mother and the fetus. The placenta is connected to the fetus by the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord is the lifeline between the fetus and the placenta. The umbilical cord is first formed within five weeks of pregnancy. It plays an important role in the entire pregnancy period. The blood that circulates in the umbilical cord in the fetus carries food, oxygen, carbon dioxide, various organic matters etc.

placenta

Definition of umbilical cord:

The cord that connects the placenta of the mother's body with the newborn baby after the delivery is cut off is called the umbilical cord. The blood that is in it is called cord blood. This cord blood is very important in medicine and modern science because it contains some stem cells that help your baby to grow and make certain cells. Stem cells can be used to treat some of the most serious diseases such as anemia, cancer etc. But in most cases when baby was born we discard the placenta, umbilical cord and cord blood .However some developing country’s parents may conserve or donate this cord blood through the cord blood banking system.

Formation & Structure:

The umbilical cord is first formed and begins to function within five weeks of pregnancy. The mature umbilical cord is usually made up of two umbilical arteries and a vein (umbilical vein) and a rich vessel called Wharton's Wharton Jelly. By placing the jelly between the umbilical cord and the veins and arteries side by side, it forms a structure so that the umbilical cord can be elastic and twisting, and all the upper objects are covered with an amnion with a lining. The end of the umbilical cord is mainly attached to the center of the placental Korean plate, so that the fetal vessels are attached and the chorionic plate is spread out like the roots of a tree. They enter the placental parenchyma. Umbilical cord a contains one vain and two arteries, in this vain carries Oxygenated blood and this two arteries carries Deoxygenated blood. Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells may have an immunomodulatory effect on lymphocytes. Wharton's jelly also located at vitreous humor in the human eye. That is made by Mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid + chondroitin sulfate). It also contains macrophages and fibroblasts. It is derived from intra embryonic mesoderm.

Length

The length of the human umbilical cord is usually 70-80 cm. Can be smaller than or even larger. The spiral condition depends on the length of the cord when excessive movement on the fetus then increases the length of the cord. Although the length of the cord is small or large, it does not affect the blood flow in the fetus. If the length of the umbilical cord is large and the movement is high, the umbilical cord may become entangled with the neck of the fetus and may create a complicated condition.

Abnormal umbilical cord:

Abnormal umbilical cord is rarely seen. In the formation of some abnormal umbilical cord, an artery (umbilical arteries) can be seen in place of two umbilical arteries. Although many babies are born normally in this structure, their cardiovascular system is exceptional in 75 percent of cases. This abnormal structure is usually due to a variety of reasons, such as environmental factors, genetic factors etc. Abnormal umbilical cord is often seen due to excessive smoking during pregnancy.

Cord blood flow:

There is a lot of blood circulation between the placenta and the fetus. The more blood from the fetus enters the placenta, the more blood comes from the placenta to the fetus, so that the work of the fetus is like all the right time, which happens mainly through two arteries and a single vein. So this cord is very important for the fetus.

Stem cell:

Stem Cell is a special kind of cell that makes new cells when our body is damaged due to some disease or accident. Our body has a lot of different types of cells that do their own work but all of them are divided. Stem cells have the ability to create and replace new cells as needed by the body and they can change like specialized cells in any part of the body. One of the many sources of Stem Cell is the umbilical cord.

Cord blood stem cell:

The type of cells found in the umbilical cord, such as hematopoietic cells and mesenchymal cells. Stem cells are multifaceted. They can develop into any type of cell in life. Cord blood is somewhat different from normal blood. Cord blood stem cells made up of three main cells affect different parts of the body. Cord blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Cord blood also contains a large number of natural killer T-cells and reproductive cells in other words. Mesenchymal cells also contain bone cells, cartilage cells and fat cells which Adults are mainly in the marrow. Cord blood contains endothelial projector stem cells and multipotent stem cells.

Source of stem cell:

The source of stem cells is basically the bone marrow of a healthy person. Bones contain very soft red fat cells that make up the body's stem cells. But many times due to illness and some treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation, bone marrow cannot produce enough healthy stem cells. Then the sick person needs to have a stem cell transplant that he gets from regular blood or from cord blood. We can also get new healthy stem cells by transplanting bone marrow.

Use of cord blood:

The use of cord blood is basically treatment by the stem cells in the umbilical cord blood. It is easier and less painful to take stem cells from cord blood than a bone marrow transplant. Cords blood cells are small essential grow rapidly and form new cells. Researchers and doctors are constantly treating dozens of deadly diseases with cord blood stem cell transplants. Stem cell transplantation from cord blood is improving day by day. Stem cell treatment from cord blood is now an emerging aspect of medical science. More than 35000 transplants have been done with the help of stem cell treatment method from cord blood. Cord blood is used in the treatment of pediatric diseases all over the world.

Use of stem cell from cord blood:

Collecting Stem Cells from Cord Blood is easier, compared to other Stem Cell sources. There is no danger in collecting Stem Cell for your baby and his mother. This time is not painful for the baby and his mother. Match stem cells very easily. Ready for use very soon after collection. There are no problems or infections after cord blood to stem cell transplant compared to bone marrow transplant. What is Cord Blood Banking, cbr Cord Blood, Cord Blood Banking Cost, Card Banking, Via Cord, Donating Cord Blood.

What type of disease can be treated by cord blood stem cell?

A new horizon has opened up in modern medical science. Although stem cells are collected from this cord blood and used to achieve significant success in the treatment of many deadly diseases, its use is increasing in developing countries. For example in the United States more than 10,000 people are treated each year for serious illnesses.

1. Leukemia’s: such as Acute Myelogenous Leukemia 2. Lymphomas: non hodgkin's Lymphoma, Lymph proliferative disease 3. Bone marrow disease: like Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria 4. Sickle Cell Anemia’s,  5. Thalassemia 6.Immune Deficiencies  disease 7. Metabolic problem 8.Blood cell disorders 9.Histocytosis problem… etc.Besides, scientists are making every effort and testing whether this cord blood can be used to treat other diseases. For example - Diabetes, Brain injuries etc disease .

Cord blood collated & storage

The baby is disconnected from the mother immediately after birth. At first the umbilical cord is cut and clamped. CORD BLOOD is collected by after the blood is drawn from the cord with the help of a needle in a bag like blood storage bag. it is then stored by a skilled pathologist through cord blood banking.

Cord blood banking

What is Cord Blood Banking, cbr Cord Blood, Cord Blood Banking Cost, Card Banking, Via Cord, Donating Cord Blood. Cord blood banking is the collection of cord blood collected from the umbilical cord after the birth of a child. Collected Cord blood can be stored through two types of banks such as public and private. Parents have to bank on where they live and what they can afford. There are a lot of rules for two cord blood banking. If you want to take advantage of this medical procedure for the preservation and future of Cord blood, then you need to know the rules and regulations by contacting CORD BLOOD BANKING. You can easily understand whether public or private Cord blood banking is convenient for you. It is in perfect condition even after preservation.

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Reference:

The Umbilical cord

Harvey j. Mailman, M.D, Ph.D., Yale University School of Medicine.

Benirschke K, Kaufmann P. (1995)

 Pathology of the human placenta, Third edition. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Google Search: Cord Blood, Wikipedia.

Review article of

Jacqueline Spurway, AMS

 Medical imaging Department Orange Health Service, New South Wales, Australia.

 Patricia Logan Ph.D.

 School of Biomedical Science Charles Sturt University, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia

Sokcheon Pak Ph.D.

School of Biomedical Science Charles Sturt University, BATHURST, New South Wales, Australia

Help to Article and survey report of NCBP, New York.

Higher Biology (HS), Sen, Midya, Santra,  Santra Publication.

Also, help to me Subhrajyoti Ghosh

Medical Student Of Era Medical College and Hospital Lucknow, India

pic: https://pixabay.com/

PIC : PIXABAY

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